What is Spina Bifida?

Spina Bifida occurs when the spine of the baby fails to close. This creates an opening, or lesion, on the spinal column. Because of the opening on the spinal column, the nerves in the spinal column may be damaged and not work properly. This results in some degree of paralysis. The higher the lesion is on the spinal column, the greater the likelihood of increased paralysis. Surgery to close the spine is generally done within hours after birth. The surgery helps reduce the risk of infection and protects the spinal cord from greater damage.

Types of Spina Bifida

Occulta

It is often called “hidden Spina Bifida” because about 15 percent of healthy people have it and do not know it. Spina Bifida occulta does not cause harm, has no signs and the spinal cord and nerves are fine. People usually find out they have it after having an X-ray of their back.

Meningocele

It causes part of the spinal cord to come through the spine like a sac that is pushed out. Nerve fluid is in the sac, and there is usually no nerve damage. Individuals with this condition may have minor disabilities.

Myelomeningocele

This is the most severe form of Spina Bifida. It happens when parts of the spinal cord and nerves come through the open part of the spine. It causes nerve damage and other disabilities. Seventy to ninety percent of children with this condition also have too much fluid on their brains. This happens because fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord is unable to drain like it should. The fluid builds up, causing pressure and swelling. Without treatment, a person’s head grows too big, and may have brain damage. Children who do not have Spina Bifida can also have this problem, so parents need to check with a doctor.